The burnt waste heaps of the Chelyabinsk coal basin (Russia) are characterized by a great diversity of carbonaceous materials arisen as a result of transformation of separate carbon-bearing components of waste heaps substance (carbonate rocks, primary coal, modem wood, etc.) under conditions of high temperatures and deficit of oxygen. The original materials and final products of four transformation chains (coal →technogenic shungite + technogenic bituminoid; stone wood → carbonaceous fibers; modem wood → charcoal; siderites → graphite) have been studied by methods of X-ray diffractometry. The results of study allowed to conclude that the levels of structural organization of the final products in all four chains has been inherited from the original materials. In the amorphous products, the relations of CH- and С-containing constituents have been changed. The crystalline products having graphite-like appearance are heterophased and contain at least two different carbon modifications.