The results of the Ural scientific school's organic chemists on the creation of antiviral and antibacterial, including antitubercular, chemopreparations are considered. Basic research data were generalized on the synthesis and study of antiviral activity and the establishment of the metabolism and mechanism of azoloazine series compounds-azaanalogs of adenine and guanine, as well as their nucleosides, which led to the creation of a new family of antiviral substances. One of them, triazavirin, has become a regular therapeutic fixture as an antiflu preparation. The results of synthetic and biological studies on substituted pyrimidines, nucleosides of the benzimidazole and purine series, and other biologically active azaheterocycles are also discussed.