According to the two variants of locating the construction site of the South-Urals NPP, the 30 kilometer zone covers rather great territories of the Argayasch, Kunaschak and Kasli municipal regions of Chelyabinsk oblast. Besides, part of the construction site overlaps the EURT zone with the average equivalent exposure dose 7-37 cZv, and even more. In municipal region of Kasli the maximal level on natural population decrease was established as (-8.0), with that of the oblast average level (-3.1). All the regions are characterized by increased primary and general incidence rate for both adults and children, and the worst indices are noted in Kunaschak and Kasli regions. The most important classes where the reliably significant indices were exceeding over the control were the following: cancer, blood, respiratory and digestive system diseases, eye diseases, endocrinologic pathology, urinary system diseases and inherited diseases. Relative risk was from 1.5 to 2-3 times. Thus, at both variants of building the South-Urals NPP, the greatest part of Argayasch, Kunaschak and Kasli municipal regions’ population, already characterized by the unfavourable state of health, including the increased incidence and mortality rates, will be found within the 30 kilometer danger zone.