The influence of lead contamination of grey forest soil on the characteristics of natural algae-cyanobacterial communities has been studied in model experiment. The lead-tolerant and lead-sensitive species of cyanobacteria and algae were found. It was shown that lead application in form of acetate in dose of 750 and 1500 mg per soil kg results in a decrease of species diversity and abundance of cyanobacteria and algae, decrease oftotal chlorophyll content, and morphological changes of individuals, whereas the dose of 300 mg per soil kg induces the growth of algae-cyanobacterial communities. It should be concluded that a simultaneous use of a complex of different indices on cellular, organismic and community levels of organization to asses the lead influence on soil biota can give us objective and complete estimation of toxic effect.