The film membranes based on biopolymers lignosulfonate, chitosan and cellulose were obtained, and an assessment of their deformation and strength characteristics was found. It was established that membranes have dialysis properties and allowed to fractionate polymers to molecular weight. Composite filter materials based on mineral fibers and biopolymer complexes (lignosulfonate - chitosan and alginate - chitosan) were obtained. The estimate of their filtering capacity and filtration efficiency for cleaning of aqueous solutions from suspended solids were made. The compositions of obtained filter materials can increase the filtration efficiency by 15%.