Aim. The objective of this research was to develop the technique of receiving connective-tissue autoprostheses and to assess their performance characteristics after they have been auto-transplanted into arterial vessels. Methods. The 5-week old connective-tissue prostheses were used for plastic repair of carotid arteries and femoral arteries of rats and rabbits, respectively, which served as the source body for building these prostheses. The prostheses were sewn end-to-end into the transected vessel. The ultrasonic and angiographic examinations showed that the prostheses remained patent and manifested normal functions 3 and 6 months after the surgery. No signs of thrombosis or occlusion were detected, which is confirmed by the histological analyses. The electronic microscopy indicated that endothelial cells started to develop on the inner surface of the autoprostheses.