The biosurfactant glycolipid complex synthesized by Rhodococcus ruber actinobacteria is not toxic and exhibits no appreciable effect on proliferative activity of peripheral blood leukocytes. In the monocyte fraction, the biosurfactant activates the production of IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha cytokines without modifying the production of IL-6. In the mononuclear fraction, the glycolipid biosurfactant exhibited no effects on the production of IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-6. These results indicate good prospects for further studies of immunomodulating and antitumor activities of biosurfactant drug.