Caves are the main places of winter refuges of bats in the Urals. From 9 species inhabited the Middle Urals only five bat species are marked in the caves during wintering. The number of wintering animals and its diversity are related to sizes and depth of occurrence of cavities and peculiarities of its microclimate. It is supposed that bats get together in Ural caves wintering places from huge territories of the Russian Plain and West Siberian lowland. The protection of wintering places is base of protection of these animals.