Fifty patients with severe penetrating eye injury (PEI) and twenty-two nearly healthy men-volunteers were examined. Despite the locality of injury, early traumatic period prior to conservative therapy of PEI patients demonstrated systemic changes in their immune system. Proliferative response of lymphocytes in cultures with phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA) was considerably reduced; lymphocyte sensitivity to suppressing action of beta-adrenoreceptors was elevated in vitro. The intensity in PHA-induced proliferative response of lymphocytes and its sensitivity to suppressive action of beta-adrenoreceptor agonist (hexoprenaline sulfate, 10~6 M) were depended from cortisol level during early traumatic period. PHA-induced blast-transformation of lymphocytes was found to be elevated during the late traumatic period under the conventional therapy including glucocorticoids. The inclusion of myelopidum into therapy resulted in extending the suppression of PHA-induced proliferative response of lymphocytes, and did not abolish the decrease in interferon-gamma production in cell cultures, and enhanced the anti-inflammatory effect of conventional therapy. Proliferative response of lymphocytes with thymus-dependent polyclonal activator of В-lymphocytes pokeweed mitogen (PWM) during the early traumatic period was found to be reduced in 72 h-cultures, and be elevated in 96 h-cultures. In addition, PWM-induced proliferative response of lymphocytes was elevated both in 72 h- and 96 h-cultures in the late traumatic period, and most markedly with myelopidum inclusion in therapy. The increase in detection frequency of antibodies to eye tissue antigens (cornea specific protein BCP 54, alpha-crystallm and S-antigen) was not revealed.