The method of investigation bases on comparative study of paleociimate reconstruction (ground surface temperature history) in the Urals since 800 A.D. and meteodata for the last 170 years. Temperature anomalies measured in 47 boreholes in the Middle and South Urals (51-59° N, 58-61°E) were used for the ground surface paleotemperatures reconstruction. Namely reconstructions were obtained by the algorithmes developed in the Institute of Geophysics UB RAS. A good agreement between long-term components of two kinds of paleotemperature sources allow us to treat geothermal reconstructions as reliable estimations of pre-instrumental paleociimate. Joint analysis of geothermal reconstructions and meteodata come us to the following conclusions. First. Ground surface temperature in the Medieval maximum in 1100-1200 was 0.38 К higher than the 20-th century mean temperature (1900-1980). The Little Ice Age cooling was culminated in 1720 when surface mean temperature was 1.58 К below than the 20-th century mean temperature. Second. Contemporary warming had began approximately a century early than the first instrumental measurements in the Urals were performed. This warming occurred uneven. The rate of warming was +0.25K/100years in the 18-th century, +1.15 K/100years in the 19-th and +0.75 K/100years in the first 80 years of the 20-th. One can conclude the temperature rise in the 20-th century is the final stage of the global and natural process of warming upon termination of the anomalous cold Little Ice Age. In the first half of the 21-st century during the subsequent temperature trend (natural as it is) the temperatures are to be achieved identical to those we find a thousand years before. Than a stable warm period will follow no less than a hundred years long. Third. The mean rate of temperature warming increasing in last decades of 20-th. An analysis of linear regression coefficient in the running intervals having 11,21 and 31 years width shows that there were the periods of warming with almost the same rates occurred repeatedly in the past, including the 19-th century. Thus, there are no sings of anthropogenic influence in temperature changes in the Urals in 20-th century.