The comparison analysis of results of the complex investigations of consequences of the Chernobyl accident and the inhabiting on areas with the increased radiation background on the regulation of the lipid peroxidation (LPO) processes and the dehydrogenase activity in the wild rodent organs are generalized in dependence on their antioxidant supply. It were detected both similarities and differences in changes the biophysical and biochemical indices for the rodent tissues under a long-term low intensity radiation action compared with the acute irradiation. High sensitivity of the physicochemical LPO regulatory system parameters to chronic exposure of the ionizing radiation was detected both in the rodent organs (spleen, liver and brain) from the accident zone and in the tissues of tundra voles living under the increased natural radiation background for a long time. The different ability to normalization of the studied indices and nonlinearity of their dose dependences allow us to suggest that changes of the scale and direction of interrelations between the reciprocal parameters of the LPO regulatory system in norm in tissues of rodent which were caught in the accident zone and on areas with increased radiation background is the information signal determining the selection of the strategy of adaptation to the chronic radiation factor action. It has an influence on development of qualitatively new subpopulations of wild rodents due to the transition of the cell regulatory system to the another level of function.