The article is devoted to e-plaining the interaction between the growth of the regional self*consciousness and cementing of territorial unity and democratic tendencies in the development of the Russian state. On the ground of the recent experience connected with the collapse of the Soviet Union, one can make a conclusion that the stability of a state is determined by the presence of the population’s common basic rules and values, as well as of the feeling of the community of historical fate and personal specific character. Besides, it should be mentioned that at present time these features are almost completely lost. These features are replaced by striving of some regional communities for isolation and contrasting of ’’personal" interests to the "another’s” ones. Thus, it is necessary to achieve the revival of national self-consciousness. But one have to start with bringing up citizens’ feeling of their belonging to some definite territory. This feeling should take the first place in the system of a person’s public orientation. Finally, it is necessary to be guided by the achievements of multi level self-identification of the Russian people, as the ground for national unity. And this is the actualization of the historical-cultural heritage that is to play an important role in this process.