The main problems of development of socio-demographical sphere in Russia at the present stage are considered. The conceptual and categorical structure and the methodical approach to research of socio-demographical security of the territories are presented. The state and the dynamics of changing of socio-demographical security in the regions of Russia for the period 2000-2006 are shown, the main threats and tendencies of their changes are analysed. The priority-oriented directions of activity of state authorities are pointed out.