The articles of the monograph were collected on initiative of Institute of Economics, the Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, which is to be one of the major research centers of the regional economy in the Urals. The purpose of the collected articles is determining the compatibility of the two major trends of social development today: international integration and preserving of national and regional identity. The book represents articles of professors and post-graduate students from leading Russian and foreign schools: Institute of Economics of the Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia), International Business department of the Ural State Technical University named after the first Russian president Boris Yeltsin (USTU-UPI, Russia), Economic theory and the world economy department of the Perm State University, the University of Grenoble and the Paris-Sorbonne University (France), the Friedrich-Schiller University in Jena and the University of Munich (Germany), the University of Bratislava named after Komensky (Slovakia), the University of Maribor (Slovenia), the University of Milan (Italy).